There is a medical/dental term that those of us with natural teeth dread to hear and that is “dental cavities.” It is the term used to describe tooth decay. Dental cavities occur when acid erodes the tooth enamel off our teeth. Bacteria live in our mouth and contribute to dental decay. Bacteria are responsible for the formation of plaque. Plaque can get into, around and between our teeth, dental fillings or bridgework and it can settle near the gum line too. Certain bacteria can convert sugar and carbohydrates in the foods we eat into acids and it is these acids that stay on the surfaces of our teeth when we don't brush forming microscopic pits or erosions that over time can enlarge damaging the tooth.
A cavity can penetrate the hard outer enamel of the tooth crown or it can get down into the unprotected root of the tooth. Cavities can penetrate down into the soft and vulnerable dentin (main part of the tooth) and then continue on down to the soft tooth pulp, which is where the sensitive nerve fibers are. It is thought that when inflammation that is caused by bacteria exposes the root surface that there is where the pain originates from when someone has a cavity.
Early on, there are no symptoms when you have a cavity but as the decay continues to eat away at the enamel of the tooth, the tooth becomes more sensitive to sweet foods, cold and hot temperatures of the liquids and foods you consume.
Your dentist will try to discover cavities while doing a dental exam at your routine visits every six months. The exam may catch some cavities and x-rays will catch those that are not visible to the dentist during the exam. The dentist uses an instrument called, "explorer" to look for pits or areas of damage on the surface of teeth.
Early cavities look like white spots. These early cavities have not yet eroded through the surface of the tooth. This early cavity can be repaired and the damage reversed. Once a cavity has caused damage to the enamel the damage cannot be stopped or reversed. The nature of a cavity is to continue to worsen the longer the decay is left untreated. A cavity can go from the early stage to the painful severe stage in just months or it may take years to reach that stage.
You can of course, prevent cavities, as every dentist will tell you. Cavities can be prevented by good dental care, by professional dental cleanings and by eating nutritious, healthy foods while avoiding sugary and starchy foods. If you chew gum that contains xylitol you can help to counteract the acidity that happens after eating. Use fluoride tooth paste and other products to strengthen your teeth against the attack of cavities.
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